Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling Research Articles

Predicting Intention for Food Safety Behavior among Food Handlers: A Cross-sectional Study in Indonesia’s Beach Culinary Area

Background: The food safety behavior of food handlers constitutes the main factor in foodborne disease control. According to the Theory of Planned Behavior, behavior is determined by the intention that is established from a combination of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. This research aimed to predict the intention for food safety behavior using the Theory of Planned Behavior. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for two months in the Bantul beach culinary area, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The research population consisted of 80 food handlers representative of all existing seafood stalls. The respondents were interviewed face-to-face using a paper-based questionnaire related to attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intention. The data collected were evaluated using structural equation model-partial least square (SEM-PLS), version 3.0, with a sig. level of 0.05. Results: This research successfully predicted 64.3% of the variance in the intention for food safety behavior of food handlers (R2 adjusted = 0.643). The variable-perceived behavioral control was the strongest and most significant predictor, with a positive effect on intention for food safety behavior (β = 0.560, p = 0.000 < 0.05), followed by the variable subjective norms (β = 0.275, p = 0.001 < 0.05). The variable attitude was the weakest predictor, with an insignificant positive effect (β = 007.0, p = 0.182 > 0.05). Conclusion: This research successfully predicted the intention for food safety behavior of food handlers in the Bantul beach culinary area, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Motivation, work experience, and teacher performance: A comparative study

This research study investigates the effect of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on employee performance, with a specific focus on the moderating role of employees' work experience. This investigation utilizes a proposed framework, focusing on higher educational institutions in West Bengal, India. It contributes to the human resource management field by comparing teacher performance in private and government academic institutions based on their motivation levels. The study employs a quantitative approach, collecting data from 250 teachers in West Bengal, India, using a structured questionnaire. The dataset underwent analysis employing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) due to its inherent capacity to accommodate smaller sample sizes while delivering precise and insightful outcomes. The results indicate a strong positive relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and teacher performance in both types of institutions. Work experience moderates the connection between intrinsic motivation and performance in both sectors but has no significant impact on the relationship between extrinsic motivation and performance in private academic institutions. This study links a gap in the literature by empirically exploring the impact of teacher motivation on their performance and provides valuable insights into the complex interplay among motivation, work experience, and performance. Practically, it emphasizes the importance of employee motivation and accumulated work experience in enhancing performance. This study attempts to underscore the role of work experience as a moderating variable, thereby contributing to the novel discourse in the educational landscape of the post-pandemic era. The findings demand to identification of diverse organizational developmental drivers as work experience does not exhibit a strong mediation effect. However, limitations such as potential response bias should be considered in future research in this area.

Exploring the impact of supply chain integration and agility on commodity supply chain performance

The aim of this research was to explore the influence of supply chain integration (SCI) on commodity supply chain performance (SCP) with the mediating role of supply chain agility (SCA). The research methodology employed a correlational approach using structural equation modeling. 131 employees from active companies in the agricultural commodity supply chain (SC) sector in Iran participated in the study. Analysis of the data was carried out utilizing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) employing SMARTPLS software. The results indicate that customer integration (CI), supplier integration (SI), and internal integration have a positive and significant impact on SCA and commodity SCP. Additionally, the influence of SCA on commodity SCP is positive and significant. SCA plays a positive and significant mediating role in the impact of CI, SI, and internal integration on commodity SCP. Therefore, it can be concluded that companies that possess CI, SI, and internal integration in their commodity SC process demonstrate more satisfactory performance in the commodity SC.

Stove to startup: residents’ entrepreneurial motives in meal-sharing economy

ABSTRACT This study measures the nexus between entrepreneurial motives and residents’ support for the meal-sharing economy with the mediating role of the state of the local economy. The authors employ partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) on the sample of 226 Indian respondents collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Results showed that the state of the local economy, social influence, gratification of hosting, and source of cultural capital are positively affecting the meal-sharing economy. Furthermore, the state of the local economy is positively associated with social influence and independency motives, significantly mediating the nexus of the meal-sharing economy with social influence and independency. Empirical findings suggest several theoretical and practical implications for residents, governments, policymakers, and tourism planners.

Influence of memorable tourism experience on attitude towards pilgrimage: a moderated-mediation model with memorable religious experience and religiosity

PurposeThe study investigates the mediated moderation impact of Memorable Religious Experience (MRE) and Religiosity (REL) on the relationship between Memorable Tourism Experience (MTE) and Attitude towards Pilgrimage (ATT) finally driving Recommend Intention (RCI) of visitors to a religious site. It suggests visitors' incentive variable religiosity can influence their decision to recommend visiting a religious destination.Design/methodology/approachThe research uses a quantitative cross-sectional approach wherein a self-administered survey was used for data collection from 223 pilgrims who visited a popular pilgrimage site. Partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed for analysis.FindingsThe results showed that MTE has a significant influence on ATT which further influences RCI (a dimension of behavioral intention-BI) of visitors towards a religious destination. Further, MRE mediates the relationship between MTE and ATT. Nevertheless, REL illustrated a significant moderation influence on the relationship between MRE and ATT, further verifying the mediated moderation impact of MRE and REL in the model.Practical implicationsRecommendation of existing customers is one of the most powerful indicators of customer loyalty and usually leads to revisit. The research provides destination managers/tourism planners of pilgrimage sites to formulate appropriate marketing strategies to develop RCI and sustainable branding.Originality/valueThis study adds to the empirical studies conducted on REL by constructing a composite picture of the memorable tourism experience within a pilgrimage tourism context. The uniqueness lies in the attempt to investigate the mediated moderation impact of MRE and REL using a symmetric (PLS-SEM) approach.

Online cash waqf behavioral intention: the role of knowledge of cash waqf and trust

Purpose This study aims to explore the determinants that impact state Islamic University/Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri students’ intention to adopt online cash waqfs. In doing so, this study integrates knowledge of cash waqf and trust variables within the theory of planned behavior (TPB), allowing an examination of the mediating role of TPB variables and trust within the relationship between knowledge of cash waqf and intention for online cash waqf behavior. Design/methodology/approach To carry out an empirical analysis, the authors developed a well-structured questionnaire and distributed it to a group of students currently enrolled in PTKIN, obtaining 443 usable responses. The partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique was used for the dual purposes of data analysis and hypothesis testing. Findings This study demonstrates that factors such as attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, trust and knowledge of cash waqf have a significant and favorable influence on the intention to donate through e-cash waqf. Knowledge of cash waqf impacts attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and trust. The final analysis shows that attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and trust partially mediate the relationship between knowledge and intention in the online cash waqf context. Practical implications The aforementioned elucidates the paramount importance of trust in shaping individuals’ tendencies to engage in cash waqfs. The insights mentioned have the potential to be used by cash waqf establishments to promote transparency and accountability, ultimately bolstering the confidence of potential donors. Originality/value The concepts of waqf and the use of online cash waqf as a means of donation in developing countries are relatively new. In this study, the intention of students to adopt online cash waqf was predicted for the first time by considering their knowledge of cash waqf and their trust in online cash waqf transactions.

Does financial technology improve intention to pay zakat during national economic recovery? A multi-group analysis

Purpose Zakat has succeeded in becoming one of the safety nets for welfare during the crisis. As a result, continuous improvement is a necessity, especially through strengthening technology adaptation. This study aims to explore the factors determining Muslim behavior on their intention to pay zakat by taking into consideration the adoption of digital technology using the modified Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Design/methodology/approach The data collected were 265 respondents who live in urban and suburban areas. They were processed using the partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) design. Furthermore, the multigroup analysis (MGA) was conducted to capture the difference results between urban and suburban. Findings The findings show that performance expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, perceived security and privacy and zakat literacy significantly increase the intention of Muzakki to adopt financial technology. Perceived security and privacy has succeeded in being an important predictor of digital payment adoption for Muzakki. This paper provides a specific description of the adoption of Muzakki living in urban and suburban areas by using MGA. The research findings illustrate that there is a different urgency between the related variables. Suburban communities have more significant results regarding the research model used. Research limitations/implications This research provides new component variables that can drive individuals’ intentions to use digital services to pay zakat online by using the redesigned UTAUT model. Further research can explore more variables related to zakat digitalization, such as social media interaction, by conducting in-depth interviews with stakeholders to improve zakat performance in this digital era. Practical implications The result of this research recommends that zakat institutions enhance their zakat literacy and education among the Muslim population to improve zakat performance. The government should pay attention to the digital ecosystem to attract the community to use a digital platform. Originality/value This research modified the UTAUT model by integrating several other important constructs to produce more comprehensive findings in investigating the factors that can influence an individual's intention to pay zakat through an online digital platform. This study also examined the indirect effect to obtain significant results by positioning perceived security and privacy as an intervening variable. The implementation of the MGA was conducted to divide research respondents into two categories (urban and suburban) and compare the test results.

Exploring a link between faculty intrapreneurship, student entrepreneurship and ecosystem dynamism

Purpose This study aims to understand the impact of student entrepreneurship and university support on faculty intrapreneurship. The authors also analyze the role of the university’s dynamic and ordinary capabilities and the environmental dynamism in which the university is embedded. Design/methodology/approach With a large survey data set involving 680 professors and 2,230 students from 70 Brazilian universities, the authors use a multimethod approach with partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Findings The PLS-SEM results demonstrate that student entrepreneurship indirectly influences faculty intrapreneurship through the interaction of students with faculty and entrepreneurs, in addition to proving the intense influence of university support on faculty intrapreneurship, especially in a slow-growth environment. Additionally, the authors confirmed the moderating effect of universities’ dynamic and ordinary capabilities on student interaction and university support, respectively, and some exciting differences considering the ecosystem dynamism. The fsQCA results deepened the differences between environments, presenting different configurations between the antecedents that lead to high levels of faculty intrapreneurship in fast and slow-growth environments. Originality/value The study makes a unique and significant contribution to the literature on faculty intrapreneurship by examining the cross-interactions between individual, organizational and environmental levels about the promotion of faculty intrapreneurship. From a practical point of view, it is possible to identify more effective, innovative and systematic ways to encourage faculty intrapreneurship in a developing country. The findings help open up the black box of faculty intrapreneurship.

Unveiling the role of social media and females’ intention to buy online cosmetics

Purpose The purpose of this study is to propose and test an extended theory of planned behavior model to explain the significance of social media influencers’ credibility, social media usage (SMU) and social media marketing while simultaneously examining females’ intentions to purchase cosmetics online. Design/methodology/approach An online questionnaire was used to collect data from 386 female consumers of cosmetics, and the data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with the help of SmartPLS version 4. Findings First, the results indicated that SMU, social media influencers’ credibility and social media marketing significantly and positively impact the theory of planned behavior components, namely, attitude, subjective norms (SNs) and perceived behavioral control (PBC). Second, results confirmed that attitude, SNs and PBC significantly and positively influenced female consumers’ online purchase intentions (OPIs). Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first to examine an integrated model that consisted of SMU, social media marketing and social media influencers along with the theory of planned behavior constructs in their proposed research model in the context of cosmetics in India. The study also enriched the body of knowledge about using the PLS-SEM approach to predict OPI for cosmetics.

Fostering social sustainability: unveiling HR’s power in enhancing employee resilience via social exchange and broaden-and-build theories

PurposeThis study focusses on the intersection of social sustainability and human resource management (HRM) as a strategy for crisis management. It aims to provide detailed insight by exploring the associations between socially sustainable HRM (SSHRM), employee well-being, trust in social capital and employee resilience.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a cross-sectional research design to test relationships amongst variables. Data was gathered from employees in India’s private-sector information technology (IT) industry, making the framework relevant to this specific context. The study employed the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to analyse complex relationships between the variables.FindingsThe results indicate that organisations can boost employee resilience through SSHRM implementation, promote personal well-being (PWB) and family well-being (FWB) and foster trust in social capital. Additionally, the study highlights the moderating impact of employee empowerment, improving the translation of positive employee behaviour in organisational settings.Practical implicationsOur research emphasises the importance of sustainability efforts and strategies focused on social capital to build long-lasting employee connections. This highlights the necessity of incorporating social sustainability objectives into the organisation’s strategic blueprint, ensuring integration into decision-making procedures.Originality/valueThis study uniquely explores the underlying mechanisms through which SSHRM influences employee resilience. An in-depth empirical analysis evinces the causal mechanism between SSHRM, employee well-being, social capital trust and employee resilience.

How perceived socially responsible HRM and job insecurity influence employee voice behavior: does psychological availability matter?

Purpose This study aims to examine the multifaceted connection between perceived socially responsible human resource management (PSR-HRM), job insecurity (JI), psychological availability (PA) and employee voice behavior (VB). Furthermore, it delves into the mediating roles of PA, and JI in the linkage between PSR-HRM and VB and the moderating role of PA in the connection between JI and VB. Design/methodology/approach The empirical data for this study were collected from a sample of 385 full-time employees in Vietnam. To analyze the data and explore the relationships among the constructs, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used. Findings The study reveals positive relationships between PSR-HRM, PA and VB. Furthermore, it demonstrates that PA serves as a partial mediator in the nexus between PSR-HRM and VB, while JI similarly partially mediates this association. In addition, the research identifies a positive moderating effect of PA on the linkage between JI and VB. Originality/value Grounded in social exchange theory and social cognitive theory, this study uncovers significant relationships, providing nuanced insights into the intricate interplay among PSR-HRM, JI, PA and VB. It represents one of the initial investigations into the moderating influence of PA on the connection between JI and VB.

Experimental Evaluation of Noise Exposure Effects on Subjective Perceptions and Cognitive Performance

Individuals exposed to elevated noise levels experience heightened emotional intensity, leading to increased cognitive disruption and a higher likelihood of accidents. This study seeks to investigate the impact of noise exposure on human cognitive performance, and the moderating role of emotion. Twelve healthy male college-age students underwent exposure to three noise conditions, each characterized by different sound pressure levels and sharpness. Each condition included an initial acoustic/thermal adaption period lasting approximately 40 min, followed by intermittent questionnaire tests and a battery of computerized cognitive tests. Statistical analysis revealed that reducing noise levels proved advantageous, enhancing perceived sound quality, positive emotions, and auditory perception abilities, while concurrently reducing false alerts and accelerating execution speed. Many of these effects were found to be counteracted by elevated sharpness. Correlation analyses and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) results suggested that human emotions mediate the relationship between noise exposure and cognitive performance. The potential underlying mechanism suggests that negative feelings towards noise contribute to poor emotional states, subsequently influencing cognitive processes and impairing executive function. The outcomes of this study provide valuable insights into the mechanism of noise exposure and its effects on human cognition and subjective perceptions.

Impact of Competency and Self-esteem on the Teacher Engagement at Jinja City Primary Schools, Uganda

The study examined the relationship between teacher competence and engagement in Jinja city, mediated by self-esteem. Specifically, the study tested the influence of teacher competence on engagement and self-esteem, the influence of self-esteem on engagement, and the mediating effect of self-esteem on the relationship between teacher competence and engagement. Based on the three-component model by Khan (1990), engagement was studied in terms of vigour, dedication, and absorption. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design on a sample of 196 teachers in Jinja city. The study adopted a self-administered questionnaire to collect the data. Data analysis involved carrying out partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results indicated that teacher competence negatively and insignificantly influenced engagement, while teacher competence positively but insignificantly influenced self-esteem and self-esteem positively and significantly influenced engagement. The results also revealed that self-esteem partially mediated the relationship between teacher competence on engagement. The study concluded that while self-esteem is imperative for teacher engagement, teacher competence did not promote engagement and self-esteem. Therefore, it was recommended that to boost teacher engagement school administrators in Jinja City should promote teacher self-esteem compared to teacher competence

Decomposing the causal relationship between entrepreneurship education and intentions

The purpose of this study is to decompose the causal relationship between entrepreneurship education (EE) and entrepreneurial intentions. The study segregates the “undifferentiated whole” of entrepreneurship education and finds out whether the components of entrepreneurship education (objectives of EE, content/curricula of EE, methodology of EE, and environment of the university) have a similar or different influence on entrepreneurial intentions as suggested by recent studies. Data was collected from 344 students who were enrolled in the final semester of BBA and MBA programs at 14 federally chartered public-sector universities in Islamabad, Pakistan through a closed-ended questionnaire. Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the data in SmartPLS software. The study results indicate that constituents of entrepreneurship education influence entrepreneurial intentions in a similar manner as an undifferentiated whole of entrepreneurship education. Hence, it clarifies the illusion that heterogeneity of the construct of entrepreneurship may contaminate the established entrepreneurship education-intention relationship. However, the magnitude of influence of each constituent varies.

An empirical analysis of the antecedents and barriers to adopting robo-advisors for investment management among Indian investors

ABSTRACT This study aims to provide a research framework to understand the antecedents and barriers to adopting Robo-advisors for investment decision-making in India. The study employed a research model based on the extended UTAUT– 2, along with three additional constructs, i.e. personal innovativeness (PI), perceived risk (PR), and technological anxiety (TA). Data collected were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) with the help of SmartPLS 4.0 software. This research will help banks, wealth management service providers, FinTech companies, and Robo-advisor developers improve their platforms, offers, products, and marketing tactics for these automated advisory services.

How does ethical leadership influence work engagement in project-based organizations? A sensemaking perspective

PurposeProject-based organizations (PBOs) face challenges to enhance employee work engagement because of dynamic and constant role configuration. Accordingly, this study aims to explore how ethical leadership enhances employee work engagement from a sensemaking perspective.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a questionnaire-based quantitative research design to collect data from 194 full-time employees in PBOs. The data were analyzed via partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique to test hypotheses.FindingsThe findings show a positive relationship between ethical leadership and work engagement. Additionally, the relationship between ethical leadership and work engagement is mediated by two sensemaking mechanisms, i.e. goal commitment and prosocial.Originality/valueThis study deepens the understanding of how ethical leadership enhances work engagement in PBOs by providing two sensemaking mechanisms. By exploring the sensemaking process through which ethical leaders help employees construct identity, the findings contribute to the current literature on how ethical leadership enhances work engagement in PBOs.

Effect of intellectual capital on organizational performance in the Indonesian SOEs and subsidiaries: roles of open innovation and organizational inertia

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the direct effect of intellectual capital on the organizational performance of Indonesian state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and their subsidiaries. Furthermore, it also examines whether the relationship is mediated by open innovation and moderated by organizational inertia.Design/methodology/approachThis study is designed as quantitative research. A survey method is employed to collect data by distributing questionnaires to the upper-level managers of the SOEs and their subsidiaries. A total of 293 questionnaires were distributed to the respondents, and 97 responses were obtained for further analysis. The partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) is used to test the hypotheses. A mediation-moderation research framework is employed.FindingsThe results show that intellectual capital has a positive effect on organizational performance. Further results also demonstrate that open innovation mediates the intellectual capital–organizational performance relationship and organizational inertia moderates the intellectual capital–organizational performance relationship. Theoretically, the findings contribute to the resource-based view (RBV) and knowledge-based view (KBV) by providing empirical evidence of the importance of distinctive internal resources in achieving superior organizational performance. Practically, the findings provide strategic information for managers that they should properly manage intellectual capital, open innovation and organizational inertia because of their effects on organizational performance.Originality/valueFirst, this study addresses the previous research gaps by confirming that intellectual capital has a positive effect on organizational performance in the research setting of an emerging market. Second, by using a mediation research framework, this study shows that open innovation mediates the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational performance. Third, by using a moderating research framework, this study also reveals that organizational inertia weakens the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational performance. Those associations are rarely researched.

The impact of big data analytics on innovation capability and sustainability performance of hotels: evidence from an emerging economy

PurposeThis study aimed to examine the role of big data analytics capabilities (BDAC) in fostering organizational innovation capabilities and, consequently, in achieving economic, social and environmental sustainability.Design/methodology/approachThrough the lens of dynamic capability theory, this study surveyed 115 hotels using purposive sampling to gain in-depth insights regarding the factors affecting organizational sustainability in the hospitality industry. The data analysis was conducted using partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe findings reported a substantial impact of seven core dimensions (i.e. technology, data, basic resources, technological skills, managerial skills, organizational learning and data-driven culture) in building BDAC among hotels. Moreover, BDAC was also revealed to significantly influence innovation capabilities, positively impacting all three sorts of sustainability performance. Innovation capability also mediated the relationship between BDAC and all sustainability factors.Practical implicationsThe findings will assist policymakers and practitioners in developing effective initiatives to enhance the adoption and implementation of data science and technologies, substantially contributing to the “National IR 4.0 Policy” and “Malaysia Digital Economy Blueprint” and achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs).Originality/valueThe originality of this study is established by investigating the interplay between BDAC, innovation capability and sustainability performance, particularly in the context of the hotel industry, whereas the existing studies focus on exploring the advantages of BDA.

The role of good project governance in PPP project for toll road infrastructure in Indonesia

The use of infrastructure as a catalyst for Indonesia’s economic growth faces significant challenges. One example is the construction projects, which have not reached the intended goal and have led to an increase in investment cost compared to the original plan. Additionally, the interaction between the government and companies involved in toll-road construction projects under the public-private partnerships (PPP) mechanism has yet to produce good quality project governance and expected project performance. This study aimed to find empirical data on the determination of Project Intellectual Capital and Project Ownership Structure through good project governance practices on Toll-Road Project Performance in Indonesia. This study adopted a quantitative approach that involved data collected through a survey conducted among toll-road projects from 2015 to 2019. The data was analyzed with Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results showed that project intellectual capital and project ownership structure significantly affected good project governance practices. Good project governance Practices significantly affected project performance. Project intellectual capital and project ownership structure influenced project performance through the mediation of good project governance practices. Conversely, two hypotheses were not supported by the data, i.e., the effect of project intellectual capital and project ownership structure on project performance. The findings of this research contributed to the literature regarding the implementation of collaborative governance in PPPs toll road development projects in Indonesia by providing a framework and assessment tools, which could be valuable for researchers and policymakers in analyzing and evaluating the governance and performance of toll road construction PPP projects.

Performance Indicators for Assessing Environmental Management Plan Implementation in Water Projects

This research aims to examine the performance indicators that are crucial for assessing the implementation of environmental management plans (EMPs) in water projects. To achieve this aim, a questionnaire survey, integrating a systematic literature review (SLR), was used to identify the initial performance indicators. Subsequently, ten interviews with environmental professionals were carried out to uncover additional indicators not identified by the SLR. Following the survey design and pilot study of the survey, the data collection resulted in 112 valid responses from environmental professionals engaged in water projects in Saudi Arabia. The data analysis encompassed reliability tests, mean ranking, normalized mean analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The normalized mean analysis highlighted 13 critical parameters among 39 for further investigation. The EFA disclosed three underlying constructs: environmental impact indicators, operational and safety indicators, waste management, and public safety indicators. PLS-SEM was used to validate the relationship between these indicators and the successful implementation of EMPs. The results indicate that all three underlying constructs positively influence the effective execution of such plans. This is the first study to model the relationships of the performance indicators in water projects. The study’s findings underscore the importance of developing precise performance indicators tailored to diverse construction projects that are mainly focused on water facility construction. The identified performance indicators offer significant insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers and provide a solid foundation for the advancement of knowledge in the field of environmental management.